Tax Prep: New Laws & Recent Changes to Help You File

Here at The Center, we think of tax season as the most magical and exciting part of the year, but you might not see it that way.  As you prepare to get your taxes in order, it is important to discuss some of the new laws going into effect for 2014 and to revisit some changes from 2013. Earlier this month, Matt Trujillo and Nick Defenthaler attended a portion of the University of Michigan tax seminar to brush up on the ever-changing landscape in the world of taxes.  Below are a few key points that they felt may impact you:

Expiring Provisions in 2014

• Deduction for expenses of elementary and secondary school teachers

• Option to deduct state and local general sales taxes

• Tax credit for energy efficient home goods (windows, doors, appliances, furnaces, etc.)

  • Don’t let home improvement sales people lead you to believe that the new product they are trying to sell you will generate a tax credit!

  • Elimination of private mortgage insurance (PMI) deduction

    • Consider checking a website such as Zillow or consult with a real estate agent to get an idea of what your home may now be worth.  With the housing market improving, you may now have greater than 20% equity in your home.  Consult with your lender to determine the best steps to eliminating your PMI. 

Reminder of changes from 2013

In 2013, the Medicare tax changes went into effect for “high income earners” based on certain thresholds:

• Single – Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) greater than $200,000

• Married Filing Jointly – Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) greater than $250,000

This tax has two components, one based on wages earned above the thresholds and another based on net investment income above the thresholds.

• 0.9% additional Medicare tax on wages above thresholds

• 3.8% tax on the lesser of total net investment income or the amount of earnings above the thresholds (net investment income consists of dividends, interest, capital gains, rental income, etc.  It does NOT include distributions from qualified retirement plans such as an IRA or 401k)

• Ex.  A married client’s MAGI for 2013 is $300,000.  They also have $20,000 of net investment income.  They are $50,000 over the $250,000 threshold.  However, the $20,000 is less than the $50,000 overage; therefore, the 3.8% tax is based on the $20,000, resulting in an additional tax of $760 ($20,000 x 3.8%). 

Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)

One of the biggest tax talking points for 2014 are the tax ramifications of the Affordable care act or “Obamacare”. A few key take-aways for 2014:

• it's widely known that the penalty (in 2014) for not having insurance is the greater of $95 or 1% of income - this penalty will increase for the next several years to entice people to get health insurance.

• For those individuals or families that are between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty level, you may qualify for a government subsidy to help offset your insurance premium costs.

• In 2014 you will need to use a combination of last year’s earned income, and your projections of this year’s income to figure out whether or not you qualify.

• If you find you are right on the cusp of qualifying for a subsidy, but are concerned about having to pay back the subsidy in full if you underestimate your income ... fear not!  The rules regarding income are a “cliff”, meaning if you are wrong by $1 dollar you are subject to a penalty. However, the maximum penalty for 2014 is $400.

Example: Joe and Jane are 55 with no dependents.  They estimate their income to be $62,000 and that qualifies them for a government subsidy.  However, Joe gets an unexpected bonus at the end of 2014 and his income ends up being higher than 400% of the federal poverty level.  In this scenario, Joe and Jane will be subject to a maximum $400 penalty.

Tax planning can be very confusing, especially since the IRS seems to change the tax code more often than electronics companies push new products.  Please don’t hesitate to contact us if you have questions about your personal tax situation. Although we are not CPAs, we can still help to make your overall financial plan as tax efficient as possible and work together as a team with your tax professional to ensure we are all on the same page.

Nick Defenthaler, CFP® is a Support Associate at Center for Financial Planning, Inc. Nick currently assists Center planners and clients, and is a contributor to Money Centered and Center Connections.

Matthew Trujillo is a Registered Support Associate at Center for Financial Planning, Inc. Matt currently assists Center planners and clients, and is a contributor to Money Centered.

The information contained in this report does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but we do not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any opinions are those of Center for Financial Planning, Inc. and not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James. Please note, changes in tax laws may occur at any time and could have substantial impact upon each person’s situation. While we are familiar with the tax provisions of the issues presented herein, as Financial Advisors of RJFS, we are not qualified to render advice on tax or legal matters. All examples are hypothetical. Please consult the appropriate professional if you have questions about these examples and how they relate to your own financial situation. C14-002577

Health Savings Account Basics

With the Affordable Care Act becoming effective in 2014, healthcare seems to be top of mind with a lot of people.  But there are still many kinks to be worked out and many questions left unanswered.  In a world of uncertainty, why not consider utilizing a savings vehicle to help with medical costs that you can control? 

Using an HSA

A Health Savings Account, or HSA, is a fairly new type of account that is available to those who are enrolled in a high deductible health care plan.  Many confuse an HSA with a Flex Spending Account or FSA – don’t make that mistake!  A Health Savings Account is typically much more flexible and allows you to roll any unused funds over year to year, something a Flex Spending Account does not offer – it is a “use it or lose it” plan. 

What an HSA Can Cover

Many employers who offer high deductible plans will often contribute a certain amount to the employee’s HSA each year as an added benefit, somewhat like a 401k match.  Dollars contributed to the account are pre-tax and earnings accumulate tax deferred.  Funds withdrawn, if used for qualified medical expenses (including earnings), are tax-free.  The list of qualified medical expenses can be found at irs.gov, however, just to give you an idea, a few include:  expenses to cover your deductible (not premiums), co-payments, prescription drugs, various dental and vision care expenses, etc.  As always, consult with your financial advisor, tax advisor and health savings account institution to verify what expenses are considered qualified.  If you make a withdrawal that is considered “non-qualified”, you will be subject to taxes and a 20% penalty on the withdrawal amount. 

Here are the details for 2014:

Individuals

• Must have a plan with a minimum deductible of $1,250

• $3,300 contribution limit ($1,000 catch-up contribution if 55 or older)

• Maximum out-of-pocket expenses cannot exceed $6,350

Family

• Must have a plan with a minimum deductible of $2,500

• $6,550 contribution limit ($1,000 catch-up contribution if 55 or older)

• Maximum out-of-pocket expenses cannot exceed $12,700

Withdrawing from an HSA

Once you reach age 65 and enroll in Medicare, you can no longer contribute to an HSA.  However, once you are 65, funds can be withdrawn for any purpose, medical related or not, and you will no longer be subject to the 20% penalty.  However, the withdrawal will be included in taxable income, like an IRA or 401k distribution. This can present a great planning opportunity for clients who may want to defer additional money but have already maximized their 401k plans or IRAs for the year.  Although you have to wait 5 ½ years longer to access the funds from a HSA than a traditional retirement plan (age 59 ½) to avoid penalty, this is just another investment vehicle that could reduce taxable income in the year contributions were made while earnings have the opportunity to grow tax-deferred and tax free.  

As you can see, a Health Savings Account can be a great addition to an overall financial plan and should be considered if you are covered under a high deductible health plan.  No one likes medical expenses; this can be a vehicle that can potentially soften of medical expenses. 

Nick Defenthaler, CFP® is a Support Associate at Center for Financial Planning, Inc. Nick currently assists Center planners and clients, and is a contributor to Money Centered and Center Connections.

Any information is not a complete summary or statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision and does not constitute a recommendation.  The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but we do not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete.  Any opinions are those of Center for Financial Planning, Inc., and not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James.  You should discuss any tax or legal matters with the appropriate professional. #C13-002464

Medicare Open Enrollment

 For a retired couple*, healthcare costs can exceed $10,000 per year and over $250,000 for a lifetime. It’s pretty obvious, given those totals, why making the right Medicare choices is critical. In addition to ever-increasing health care costs, Medicare premiums are projected to go up at a rate that is higher than the 1.7% Social Security cost of living increase for 2013. So, even if you dread digging into your Medicare options, there is no time like the present. It is officially Medicare Open Enrollment (October 15-December 7, 2012) which means it is time to review your A’s, B’s, C’s and D’s. If you are age 65 or older and are enrolled in Medicare, during Open Enrollment, you can make changes to:  

• Medicare Part D plans
• Medicare Advantage *
• Medigap Plans

*Medicare Advantage plans can also be changed from January 1 to February 12, 2012.

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It is just a short window so it is important that you carefully evaluate your needs and the available plans to make sure that you are in the most appropriate and cost-effective plan for your situation. You can do your own analysis by using the online tools provided by or look for the help provided by local senior organizations or independent Medicare consultants. Taking the time to find the best plan for you can be financially life changing. Contact your financial planner for resources in your area.

Open Enrollment: Disability Insurance

 Too often disability insurance is overlooked or underutilized.  It is natural to assume good health enjoyed today will continue uninterrupted until retirement.  Because this is not always the case, paying for disability insurance today when it is not needed is like dotting the “i’s” and crossing the “t’s” in a comprehensive financial plan for the future.  In the event a health crisis occurs, disability insurance is designed to replace a portion of your income lost during the period of disability. 

Employers that include disability insurance on the menu of choices generally offer two types:

✔ Short term disability – provides benefits for a limited period of time – usually six months or less.

✔ Long term disability – provides extended benefits after an employee has been disabled for a period of time.

Short Term Disability Insurance:

✔ Bridges the gap between sick pay and long term disability coverage. 

✔ Coverage typically lasts between 10 to 26 weeks.

Long Term Disability:

✔ Benefits employees who are disabled as a result of sickness or accident and unable to work for a lengthy period of time (usually more than six months).

✔ Long term disability insurance does not provide insurance for work-related accidents or injuries that are covered by workers compensation insurance.

What else do you need to know?

✔ The cost of group coverage is often less expensive than the cost of individual coverage

✔ Group policies often have fewer underwriting restrictions than individual policies.  A physical exam is not typically required.

✔ “You can’t take it with you” is a phrase that normally applies to group disability insurance.  When you leave your job most often the coverage does not convert to an individual policy.

✔ If you know you are leaving your job, consider applying for individual coverage before you quit. Assuming you are insurable this strategy eliminates lapses in coverage.

✔ Consult a Certified Financial Planner™ to determine how disability insurance fits into your long-term financial picture.

We want to make sure you don’t miss your opportunity to take advantage of employer provided benefits during open enrollment period.  That’s why we are focusing an 8-blog series on your options when it comes to open enrollment. Typically, open enrollment is offered toward the end of each calendar year and provides a window of time to make new elections or change current benefit coverage.  It’s easy to confirm this period of time by checking with your human resource department or benefits coordinator.

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The information contained in this report does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets or developments referred to in this material.  The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but we do not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete.  Any information is not a complete summary or statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision and does not constitute a recommendation. Any opinions are those of Center for Financial Planning, Inc., and not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James.  You should discuss any tax or legal matters with the appropriate professional.

Open Enrollment: Health Insurance and Medicare Enrollment

 Reviewing health care insurance options is as important as getting a physical or flossing (and about as much fun).  For employees age 65 and older, this decision becomes more complicated due to Medicare eligibility.  Major questions arise for this group of employees: 

• What, if any, health insurance coverage will my employer provide when I turn 65?
• Should I apply for Medicare at age 65?
• If I apply for Medicare, what parts should I apply for (A, B, D)? 

Legally, employers can drop employees from their group health plans once they turn 65.  But Medicare secondary payer rules prevent employers from reducing health benefits to current employees due to their eligibility for Medicare (except for very small employers).  So, the employer must offer equal health benefits to all employees; coordinating health benefits with Medicare is allowed as part of this offering.  

Employers with more than 20 employees typically offer group health coverage to 65+ employees, with Medicare acting as the secondary payer.  In this case, eligible employees should enroll in Medicare Part A, hospital coverage, which is free.  These employees should also get a deferral from Medicare so that they are not subject to penalties for enrolling in Parts B and D in the future.  

Employers with less than 20 employees offer group coverage that is the secondary to Medicare.  In this case, eligible employees should enroll in Medicare Parts A and B (Part B covers medical services, including doctor visits).  Failing to enroll in both parts of Medicare could leave them responsible for paying out-of-pocket for anything that Medicare would have covered.  

Here are some tips and considerations for employees age 65+ in making health insurance and Medicare enrollment decisions:

✔ Coordinate with your spouse. If you are both still working at age 65, you can compare employer health plans and how they work with Medicare.  If spousal/family coverage is available, choose the optimal plan. 

✔ Get in writing the details of your employer-provided coverage to help you decide how to handle Medicare choices. 

✔ Plan to enroll in Medicare Part A (it’s free!) up to 3 months prior to your 65^th birthday.  You can sign up online or at your local Social Security office. 

✔ If you are planning to enroll in Medicare Part B or Part D (prescription drug coverage), you can enroll up to 3 months prior to age 65 or within 8 months of retirement or loss of group health coverage (if you miss the 8 month Special Enrollment Period, you will need to wait until the next General Enrollment Period for that coverage).

✔ Consult with a CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ to help you choose the benefits that are most appropriate for your financial situation. 

✔ Most importantly, do your research and plan ahead; Medicare has strict enrollment periods and rules that come with financially penalties. 

This is the third blog in our 8-part open enrollment series. Check back in the upcoming days for more important tips to help you make the best choices for the upcoming year.

Sandra D. Adams, CFP® is a Lead Financial Planner at the Center for Financial Planning, Inc. In 2012, she was named to the Five Star Wealth Managers list in Detroit Hour magazine. In addition to her frequent contributions to Money Centered blogs, she is a regularly quoted in national media publications such as the Wall Street Journal, Research Magazine and the Journal of Financial Planning.  Sandy is a frequent speaker on the topic of Elder Care Financial Planning.

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Any information is not a complete summary or statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision and does not constitute a recommendation.  Any opinions are those of Center for Financial Planning and not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James.

Pre-Paid Funeral Plans

 Historically, end-of-life issues, especially death and funerals, were the last topics people wanted to discuss.  With more information and resources available, it seems that Americans are more at ease having these conversations.  And they are willing to plan for these events in advance!

Recently, I had a client ask me about pre-paid funeral/cremation plans and whether these were something she should consider.  In doing some research on the topic, I found that there can be pros and cons to these types of plans:

Pros:

• Prepaying for your funeral can ease the burden on already grieving family members when the time comes, and you are able to choose the options you want.
• Using a prepaid plan can provide peace of mind.  If you choose the right method and plan, you can feel confident that there are funds available to pay your final expenses. 
• A prepaid funeral plan is a non-countable asset if you need government assistance for long-term care expenses down the line (Medicaid or VA Aid & Attendance Benefits).

Cons:

• Purchasing a pre-paid funeral plan directly with a funeral home can be risky.  If the funeral home goes out of business or misappropriates the funds, you could be out the money invested.
• You must carefully read any contract to ensure that there will not be added costs later on (i.e. the casket that was chosen is no longer available and the replacement model is much more costly).
• If you purchase a plan with a specific funeral home, you may not have the flexibility you want/need later on if you need to relocate and wish to change funeral plans.

There are pre-paid funeral insurance plans sold by insurance companies that provide the flexibility of using any funeral home in any state.  The policies ensure that the premium you pay will cover the costs you plan for when the time comes.  Again, it is important to read the fine print and consider the costs for any type of pre-paid funeral plan.  Additional information and FAQs can be found in the Federal Trade Commission’s publication “Funerals:  A Consumer Guide”.

There are many ways outside of the pre-paid funeral plans to ensure that your plans are in place and that the funds are available.  Discuss these and other important issues with your financial planner.

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The information contained in this report does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material.  Any information is not a complete summary or statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision and does don constitute a recommendation.  Any opinions are those of Center for Financial Planning, Inc., and not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James.

Medicare Open Enrollment Starts October 15th

As if Medicare and all of the changes in plans and formularies aren’t enough, you know have to make your choices sooner!  Beginning October 15, 2011, and ending December 7, 2011, you can make changes to your enrollments for:

• Medicare Part D plans
• Medicare Advantage *
• Medigap Plans

*Medicare Advantage plans can also be changed from January 1 to February 12, 2012.

Making the wrong Medicare choices can cost you hundreds of dollars per month.  It is important that during this limited period of time you carefully evaluate your needs and the available plans to make sure that you are in the most cost-effective plan for your situation.   You can do your own analysis by using the online tools provided by Medicare or look for the help provided by local senior organizations or independent Medicare consultants. 

 Taking the time to find the right plan for you can be financially life changing.  Contact your financial planner for resources in your area.

Lost Life Insurance Policies -- How Do You Find Them?

As I watched the many documentaries and tributes to those that perished during the 9/11/2001 attacks, I was reminded of how many spouses and children were left behind.   Families were left with voids in their lives, not only physically and emotionally, but financially as well.  It is likely that many of those that died during 9/11 left behind financial security by way of life insurance policies with their spouses and/or children as the beneficiaries.  What happened if the beneficiaries were not aware of the details of those policies?

Every day, life insurance policyholders fail to inform the beneficiaries of the policies they have in existence.  As a result, death benefits go unclaimed and families are left to struggle financially.  Where can you go to find insurance policies and benefits that you may be due?

• Michigan’s Money Quest - The Michigan Department of Treasury’s site for unclaimed property.
• NAUPA – The National Association of Unclaimed Property Administrators.
• MissingMoney.com – A search engine for unclaimed property in the U.S.
• NAIC – The National Association of Insurance Commissioners orphaned life insurance policy search.
• MIB Solutions – Lost life insurance policy locator service.

If you think you may be the beneficiary on a lost insurance policy, start your search today.

In addition, if you are the owner of a life insurance policy, make sure that the important people in your financial life are aware of the policy (insurance company, policy number, beneficiaries).  Document your life insurance policies and additional important financial information using the Center’s free Personal Financial Record Keeping document.