Webinar in Review: Planning for Medicare

Contributed by: Sandra Adams, CFP®, CeFT™

Here it is again…time for changing leaves, cooler weather, and Open Enrollment for Medicare.  Open Enrollment is the period from October 15th to December 7th each year during which those currently enrolled in Medicare can change their health plans and prescription drug coverage for the following year if a change would better meet their needs.  The Center recently hosted a webinar presented by Nat Towle, an Independent Consultant from Freedom Consulting, LLC, that provided details on Medicare, open enrollment, and what is important for 2017 (see the link to the replay below).

Health care costs are going up, especially for seniors.  In fact, a Healthview Services cost data report from 2015 showed that healthcare costs for a healthy couple turning 65 could be over $395,000 over their lifetimes.  And healthcare inflation exceeds Social Security COLA on an annual basis; for instance, the Social Security increase for 2016 was 0% and the healthcare cost inflation rate (year-to-date) for 2016 has been 3.26%.  The Social Security COLA increase for 2017 was just announced to be .3%, and we be sure that the healthcare cost of inflation will be .3%+ in 2017.  Why is this important?  When costs increase, this often means that plans will be competing for business, and it means that clients should be reviewing their plans EACH YEAR to make sure that they are in the right plans based on their current circumstances.

The other big news for 2017 is that the Blue Cross Medigap Legacy C Plan premiums that were frozen through 2016 are set to increase dramatically beginning in 1/1/2017.  Those currently enrolled in the Legacy C Plan will be receiving letters and will have to make a choice about whether to stay in the plan and pay the higher premiums, move to another plan within Blue Cross, or move to another plan outside of Blue Cross.  There are additional details to potential underwriting considerations, so it is important to do your research or consult with an advisor to assist you before making a change, as Nat suggests in the webinar.

Medicare coverage is an important decision, and we suggest reviewing your coverages on an annual basis.  If you have additional questions after viewing the webinar, please contact your financial advisor or Nat Towle directly for assistance.

Raymond James is not affiliated with Nathaniel "Nat" Towle or Freedom Consulting. The information provided here and in the webinar replay has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable but we do not guarantee that it is accurate or complete. These materials are being provided for information purposes only and are not a complete descriptions, nor are they recommendations. Opinions expressed are those of the Sandra Adams and Nat Towle and are not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James. Links are being provided for information purposes only. Raymond James is not affiliated with and does not endorse, authorize or sponsor any of the listed websites or their respective sponsors. Raymond James is not responsible for the content of any website or the collection or use of information regarding any website's users and/or members.

Social Security Changes You Need to Know

Contributed by: Kali Hassinger, CFP®

The Social Security Administration announced on October 18th that the Cost of Living Adjustment for 2017 will be 0.3 percent. This announcement comes after 2016, when Social Security provided no COLA benefit. For many Social Security recipients, however, this minimal increase will be negated by the expected rise in Medicare Part B premiums, which are usually deducted directly from Social Security payments. For those subject to the “hold harmless” provision, the Medicare Part B premiums cannot increase by more than the COLA. Those not covered by that provision, however, could be subject to a larger premium increase. The specific Medicare changes will be announced later this year.

The Social Security Administration will also increase the wage ceiling subject to payroll taxes to $127,200 in 2017 (previously capped at $118,500). This means that the first $127,200 earned by any taxpayer will be taxed at 12.4% (6.2% is paid by the Employee and 6.2% is paid by the Employer). Any earnings above $127,200 won’t be subject to the OASDI (Old Age, Survivor and Disability Insurance) tax. The Retirement Earnings Test (concerning any wages earned while collecting Social Security prior to Full Retirement Age), also received a slight boost. Those receiving benefits prior to Full Retirement Age can now earn up to $16,920/year before Social Security will start to withhold benefits. If you have any questions about how these changes affect you and your family, please feel free to give us a call!

Kali Hassinger, CFP® is an Associate Financial Planner at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.®

Live Your Plan: Dan Boyce

Contributed by: Center for Financial Planning, Inc.®

We spend our whole lives planning and preparing for retirement. Here at Center for Financial Planning, helping to plan for a comfortable lifestyle while entering this phase of your life and career is one of our main priorities. But what happens when the planning is done and retirement has finally arrived? You actually get to LIVE your plan! It’s no longer figurative language or some fantasy off in the future, it’s here and all your hard work has, hopefully, paid off so you can live the life you’ve envisioned for so many years.

We recently checked in with founding partner and recently retired, Dan Boyce, CFP®, to see how he is living his plan. 

How Not to be a Record Hoarder

Contributed by: Sandra Adams, CFP®, CeFT™

If you’re like me, this is the time of year to go through my files and piles of paperwork in preparation for income tax season.  Seeing the stacks of statements and paperwork I’ve collected makes me feel like I’m a prime candidate to be on an upcoming episode of “Hoarders,” because I never quite feel like I can get rid of things…I might need them someday.

Consult with your financial planner and your CPA for discarding any financial or income tax paperwork, and your attorney before parting with legal paperwork.  AND REMEMBER:  you should shred any paperwork with identifying names, addresses, dates of birth or account or Social Security numbers on them to avoid being a potential financial fraud victim.

To ease your mind as you purge your financial records, here are some document retention guidelines:

(CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD YOUR PDF COPY)

Bank Statements: Keep one year unless needed for tax records.

Cancelled Checks: Keep one year unless needed for tax records.

Charitable Contributions: Keep with applicable tax return.

Credit Purchase Receipts: Discard after purchase appears on credit card statement if not needed for warranties, merchandise returns or taxes.

Credit Card Statements: Discard after payment appears on credit card statement.

Employee Business Expense Records: Keep with applicable tax return.

Health Insurance Policies: Keep until policy expires, lapses or is replaced.

Home & Property Insurance: Keep until policy expires, lapses or is replaced.

Income Tax Return and Records: Permanently.

Investment Annual Statements and 1099's: Keep with applicable tax return.

Investment Sale and Purchase Confirmation Records: Dispose of sale confirmation records when the transactions are correctly reflected on the monthly statement. Keep purchase confirmation records 3-6 years after investment is sold as evidence of cost.

Life Insurance: Keep until there is no chance of reinstatement. Premium receipts may be discarded when notices reflect payment.

Medical Records: Permanently.

Medical Expense Records: Keep with applicable tax return if deducted on tax return.

Military Papers: Permanently (may be required for possible veteran's benefits).

Individual Retirement Account Records: Permanently.

Passports: Until expiration.

Pay Stubs: One year. Discard all but final, cumulative pay stubs for the year.

Personal Certificates (Birth/Death, Marriage/Divorce, Religious Ceremonies): Permanently.

Real Estate Documents: Keep three to six years after property has been disposed of and taxes have been paid.

Residential Records (Copies of purchase related documents, annual mortgage statements, receipts for improvements and copies of rental leases/receipts.): Indefinitely.

Retirement Plan Statements: Three to six years. Keep year end statements permanently.

Warranties and Receipts: Discard warranties when they are clearly expired. Use your judgment when discarding receipts.

Will, Trust, Durable Powers of Attorney: Keep current documents permanently.

If the hoarder in you is still too nervous to part with the paper, you do have some options:

• Electronically scan your important financial and legal papers and save them to a computer file; remember to back up your computer and save a copy of the list (on a disk or USB flash drive) in a safe place.

• Talk to your financial advisor, who may have an electronic document management system that is storing many of your documents (and backing them up) for you. 

Oh, and while you’re revving up your shredder and getting ready to make some confetti, here’s one more piece of paper to keep…this one.  Go ahead, press print.  Save this guide and you’ll save yourself the trouble of trying to remember it all next year. 

Sandra Adams, CFP® , CeFT™ is a Partner and Financial Planner at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Sandy specializes in Elder Care Financial Planning and is a frequent speaker on related topics. In addition to her frequent contributions to Money Centered, she is regularly quoted in national media publications such as The Wall Street Journal, Research Magazine and Journal of Financial Planning.

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The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but we do not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any opinions are those of Center for Financial Planning, Inc., and not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James.

Be Prepared for Life’s Hurricanes

Contributed by: Sandra Adams, CFP®, CeFT™

I was attending a conference in Orlando recently when Hurricane Matthew was heading up the coast of Florida. To say that I was completely unprepared would be an understatement. I was so busy leading up to the conference that I was only vaguely aware of the weather/hurricane status. I packed so lightly for the conference that I brought only what I needed for the days that I would be in Orlando – so that I could bring a carry-on bag only, of course!  I even, for the first time ever, pre-paid my airport parking since I knew exactly when I was arriving and when I would return, so that I could be easy in and easy out.  Why am I telling you all of this in the context of a blog about planning, you might ask?

Well, to me, it fits perfectly.  I see many clients that encounter “Hurricane” situations in their lives that they are completely unprepared for, especially when it comes to assisting older adult parents. Like the weather leading up to a hurricane, things can seem perfectly calm and sunny; moments later the storm hits and you are left completely unprepared for the chaos that comes next. For example, a simple unexpected fall and a broken hip for mom can bring months of “hurricane” aftermath if your family is unprepared.

What can you do to plan ahead so that any unexpected storms don’t find you unprepared?

• Have a family meeting with your older adult parent (facilitated by your financial planner or other professional, if that is helpful). During this meeting, discuss current and future challenges that your parent(s) may face, what alternatives they would consider as solutions to these challenges, and what resources they have to solve these challenges.

• As a result of the family meeting(s), have a written plan of action that includes all of the above, and, if needed, also includes what professional team members would need to be called upon (financial planner, elder law attorney, geriatric care manager, etc.).

• Make sure all estate planning documents are up-to-date and reflect your parents’ current wishes and situation. 

• Put a Family Care Plan in place so that everyone knows their role in advance (and family conflicts are avoided, as much as possible).

• Help your parent(s) complete the Personal Record Keeping Document and Letter of Last Instruction (and keep it up-to-date) so that all important information is in one place and handy and a moment’s notice in a crisis.

Going back to my recent hurricane situation, I happened to luck out. I was at a very secure hotel property during the oncoming storm, and while I got delayed an extra day due to the airport being shut down, the worst thing I had to endure was wearing some dirty clothes and dealing with some restless children at the hotel because Disney was also closed for the day. If you don’t help your aging parents plan, I can assure you the results won’t be as kind. The key is to start the conversation – it is not an easy one, but it is one of the most important conversations you may have in your lifetime!  Please contact me if I can be of help.

Sandra Adams, CFP® , CeFT™ is a Partner and Financial Planner at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Sandy specializes in Elder Care Financial Planning and is a frequent speaker on related topics. In addition to her frequent contributions to Money Centered, she is regularly quoted in national media publications such as The Wall Street Journal, Research Magazine and Journal of Financial Planning.

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The information contained in this report does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but we do not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any opinions are those of Sandy Adams and not necessarily those of Raymond James. Prior to making an investment decision, please consult with your financial advisor about your individual situation.

Will Social Security be Around When I Retire?

Contributed by: Matt Trujillo, CFP®

If you're retired or close to retiring, then you've probably got nothing to worry about—your Social Security benefits will likely be paid to you in the amount you've planned on (at least that's what most of the politicians say). But what about the rest of us?

Watching the news, listening to the radio, or reading the newspaper, you've probably come across story after story on the health of Social Security. Depending on the actuarial assumptions used and the political slant, Social Security has been described as everything from a program in need of some adjustments to one in crisis requiring immediate and drastic reform.

Obviously, the underlying assumptions used can affect one's perception of the solvency of Social Security, but it's clear some action needs to be taken. Even experts disagree, however, on the best remedy. So let's take a look at what we do know.

According to the Social Security Administration (SSA), over 64 million Americans currently collect some sort of Social Security retirement, disability, or death benefit. Social Security is a pay-as-you-go system, with today's workers paying the benefits for today's retirees.

How much do today's workers’ pay? Well, the first $118,500 (in 2016) of an individual's annual wages is subject to a Social Security payroll tax, with half being paid by the employee and half by the employer (self-employed individuals pay all of it). Payroll taxes collected are put into the Social Security trust funds and invested in securities guaranteed by the federal government. The funds are then used to pay out current benefits.

The amount of your retirement benefit is based on your average earnings over your working career. Higher lifetime earnings result in higher benefits, so if you have some years of no earnings or low earnings, your benefit amount may be lower than if you had worked steadily.

Your age at the time you start receiving benefits also affects your benefit amount. Currently, the full retirement age is in the process of rising to 67 in two-month increments, as shown in the following chart:

What Is Your Full Retirement Age?

You can begin receiving Social Security benefits before your full retirement age, as early as age 62. If you retire early, however, your Social Security benefit will be less than if you had waited until your full retirement age to begin receiving benefits. For example, if your full retirement age is 67, you'll receive about 30% less if you retire at age 62 than if you wait until age 67 to retire. This reduction is permanent—you won't be eligible for a benefit increase once you reach full retirement age.

Even those on opposite sides of the political spectrum can agree that demographic factors are exacerbating Social Security's problems—namely, life expectancy is increasing and the birth rate is decreasing. This means that over time, fewer workers will have to support more retirees.

According to the SSA, Social Security is already paying out more money than it takes in. By drawing on the Social Security trust fund, however, the SSA estimates that Social Security should be able to pay 100% of scheduled benefits until fund reserves are depleted in 2034. Once the trust fund reserves are depleted, payroll tax revenue alone should still be sufficient to pay about 77% of scheduled benefits. This means that in 2034, if no changes are made, beneficiaries may receive a benefit that is about 21% less than expected.

So the question still remains, with trouble looming on the horizon, how do we fix the system?  While no one can say for sure what will happen (and the political process is sure to be contentious), here are some solutions that have been proposed to help keep Social Security solvent for many years to come:

• Allow individuals to invest some of their current Social Security taxes in "personal retirement accounts"

• Raise the current payroll tax

• Raise the current ceiling on wages currently subject to the payroll tax

• Raise the full retirement age beyond age 67

• Reduce future benefits, especially for wealthy retirees

• Change the benefit formula that is used to calculate benefits

• Change how the annual cost-of-living adjustment for benefits is calculated

The financial outlook for Social Security depends on a number of demographic and economic assumptions that can change over time, so any action that might be taken and who might be affected are still unclear. No matter what the future holds for Social Security, your financial future is still in your hands. Focus on saving as much for retirement as possible, and consider various income scenarios when planning for retirement.

It's also important to understand your benefits, and what you can expect to receive from Social Security based on current law. You can find this information on your Social Security Statement, which you can access online at the Social Security website, socialsecurity.gov by signing up for a “my Social Security” account. Your statement contains a detailed record of your earnings and includes retirement, disability, and survivor's benefit estimates that are based on your actual earnings and projections of future earnings. For more details on how to sign up for an online account see our previous blog post for step by step instructions.

Matthew Trujillo, CFP®, is a Certified Financial Planner™ at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Matt currently assists Center planners and clients, and is a contributor to Money Centered.

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(Source: Fast Facts & Figures about Social Security, 2015)

(Source: 2015 OASDI Trustees Report)

This information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but we do not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any opinions are those of Matthew Trujillo and are not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James. Links are being provided for information purposes only. Raymond James is not affiliated with and does not endorse, authorize or sponsor the third party website listed or their respective sponsors. Raymond James is not responsible for the content of any website or the collection or use of information regarding any website's users and/or members.

Diving into Raymond James: Conference Style

Contributed by: Lauren Adams, CFA®, MBA

In September, I was given the wonderful opportunity to attend the Raymond James Branch Professionals Foundations Conference, which an intensive hands-on educational experience for new employees of Raymond James-associated offices. Just as the weather was starting to cool in Michigan, I headed south to hot and humid Atlanta for the two-day training.

The roughly 30 attendees came from all over the United States, including as far as California and Washington. I’m proud to say that Michigan represented well with five of us attending from different Michigan offices (which also gave us a chance to ask each other where to find the “pop” during breaks and actually be understood… although I’m still puzzling over my new southern friends’ tendency to ask for a “Coke” and then proceed to select a Sprite or Dr. Pepper).

We started the conference with a deep dive into Client Center, which is Raymond James’s command center for managing client accounts, and new account processes, where we learned everything from how to monitor the opening, funding, and ongoing maintenance of accounts to the difference between IRAs and SAR SEP IRAs and UTMAs and UGMAs. All the while gaining a newfound appreciation for acronyms!

Day two started with a bang.... which, if you’re an operations nerd like me, that means an hour and a half session on compliance! Two senior compliance professionals presented to us about how to best prepare for a branch audit and learn about other compliance best practices. They quizzed us on the most common compliance issues (spoiler: the most common issues generally center on advertising) and gave us plenty of time for questions and answers.

We then moved into sessions on how to quickly and efficiently conduct money movement, which is of critical importance for our clients, and reporting. I found the sessions on practice management and client reporting especially helpful, as it allows us to do everything from make sure account administration goes smoothly to conduct interesting analysis on our business. Our last session was on how to use social media to better understand our clients and connect with them on issues that are most important to them.

Since returning from the conference, I’ve already used what I’ve learned to run reports that allow me to better analyze the potential FDIC exposure of our clients and identify the different sweep options used by our managed accounts (both of these topics are especially relevant given new SEC money market reform rules). Also, I’m eager to tell our clients about the benefits of our secure document center called the Vault, which clients can access through their online Investor Access account and share documents back and forth with The Center team in a secure and organized way. I’m also jazzed about the ease of using eSignature, a convenient (and eco-friendly) way to electronically sign documents.

We ended our time together with a competitive game of Jeopardy to test what we’ve learned. The prize was your pick from a table of Raymond James swag. As good branch associates, we all learned the material quite well, so winning came down to who could raise their hands the fastest after the questions were asked. I even took to jumping in the air along with raising my hand, but sadly, another team was somehow quicker on the draw; my team came in second place. Next year, I hope to be able to attend the Raymond James Branch Professional Development Conference to learn more advanced concepts in technology, office procedures, and compliance… and for another chance at the Jeopardy Gold.

Lauren Adams, CFA®, MBA is Director of Client Services at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.®

Change is Coming: FAFSA Edition

Contributed by: Nick Defenthaler, CFP®

As like many Michiganders, fall is my favorite season. What’s not to love? College football, sweatshirt weather, Halloween festivities, the changing colors of leaves, and crock pot meals just to name a few. Fall is also the time where college students are in full gear with their first semester and getting back into the academic swing of things. This is also a time where parents often put pen to paper to determine how to help fund tuition for their kids, both with savings and the financial aid system.  As parents consider their options for financial aid, the first place to turn is typically the FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid) form, which is the main determining factor of how much financial aid a student will qualify for. In years past, the FAFSA was due in February each year and was completed with financial information based on the previous year. The logistics of the filing deadline made it very difficult for families to gather the necessary financial information to make sure they completed the form accurately and timely for the February deadline. Talk about a hassle. Good news – this is all changing starting this year. 

An Executive Order signed by President Obama in 2015 (made effective for October 2016) contained changes designed to streamline the process for the 2016-2017 school year. Now families can provide financial information based upon an earlier time frame, deemed the prior-prior-year. For example, a student who will enter college in the fall of 2017 will now furnish financial information from the 2015 tax return instead of the 2016 tax return. In addition, the FAFSA will now be made available in October of each year, rather than January 1st, giving parents more lead time to complete the form.

Here are some main takeaways from the change that could be relevant for your situation:

1. Easier Application Process: By using financial data from two years prior (PPY), applicants will be able to take advantage of the IRS Data Retrieval tool – an innovative tool where income tax data can be pulled directly from the IRS into the FAFSA form, saving time and improving accuracy. 

2. Start Earlier: Initial college financial aid decisions will be made based on an earlier time-frame – the tax year which begins in the middle of the student’s sophomore year of high school.

3. Finish Earlier: The final financial aid decision will also be made at an earlier date during college—the tax year which begins in the middle of the student’s sophomore year of college will determine aid for the senior year.

4. Extended Family Assets: Assets held in grandparent-owned 529 accounts that are often saved for the final year of college as a planning strategy may now be used a year earlier with no negative impact on the student’s future financial aid eligibility.

5. 2015 Deja vu: Because of the new rules with the FAFSA, the 2015 tax year will be used twice in calculating financial aid. The first usage will be for the 2016-2017 school year and once again for 2017-2018 due to the new prior-prior year arrangement.

If you have questions on filing the FAFSA or planning strategies around funding tuition with college savings, don’t hesitate to reach out to us!

Nick Defenthaler, CFP® is a CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Nick is a member of The Center’s financial planning department and also works closely with Center clients. In addition, Nick is a frequent contributor to the firm’s blogs.

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The information contained in this blog does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but we do not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any opinions are those of Nick Defenthaler and not necessarily those of Raymond James. Raymond James and its advisors do not offer tax or legal advice. You should discuss any tax or legal matters with the appropriate professional. Raymond James is not affiliated with FAFSA.

Third Quarter Investment Commentary

Contributed by: Angela Palacios, CFP®

After a very interesting first half of the year with early negative returns, followed by Brexit in June, markets performed well in July and then quieted down in the month of August. September brought with it a bit of increased fluctuation when investors thought the Federal Reserve Board may raise rates at the September meeting but calmed back down when that fear subsided. As of October 1st the S&P 500 gained over 7.8% this year including dividends with nearly half of that gain (3.85%) coming in the third quarter. The year-to-date story, however, has not been told primarily by the S&P 500 as we have gotten so used to over the past several years. 

Diversification Works Again

This year other asset classes have had the opportunity to shine as Emerging markets; commodities and high yield have topped S&P 500 returns. Diversification seems to once again be working after a long drought. The chart below shows performance of various asset classes by year with the best performer’s bars on the top of the stack and worst relative performers on the bottom. Notice the Green line (S&P 500) has been near the top of the list for the past three years but that hasn’t been the norm over the last 14 years. This year we have returned to the more normal pattern where the S&P doesn’t dominate.

Source: Blackrock

Rate Hike Kicked Down the Road

Not surprisingly the Federal Reserve opted not to raise interest rates last month. The dissention among the voting members, though, was surprising. Three members of the voting board voted for an interest rate increase going against Janet Yellen’s recommendations to hold course. This is the first noted dissention since 2014. The next meeting occurs in November just a few short days before the election. It is highly unlikely they will make waves that close to the election so it looks likely that if a rate increase occurs it will be at the December 13-14th meeting.

Election

I would be avoiding the elephant in the room if I didn’t mention the election. Jaclyn Jackson wrote a piece on political parties and their impact to your portfolio, I would encourage you to read this before making any rash investment decisions based on the election. The battle between Clinton and Trump is proving to fulfill every media fantasy. They both certainly make for excellent headlines. Trump will be doing his best to rally voters to change by making promises but also by making things seem worse in the economy than they likely are. While there is often some volatility leading into an election because of these negative headlines, usually after the decision has been made markets settle down and most often continue in a positive direction the remainder of the year.

Checkout Investment Pulse, by Angela Palacios, CFP®, a special summary of the Morningstar ETF conference she attended.

Harvesting tax loss may sound counter-intuitive but can go a long way to enhance net after-tax returns for investors. Find out some strategies to implement and common mistakes to avoid.

This month Nick Boguth, Investment Research Associate, gives us an introduction to cost basis methods and what we typically have our clients utilize.

Jaclyn Jackson, Investment Research Associate, explains to us how just like the right mix of ingredients for a tasty meal, we also need to know the asset allocation mix that makes our investment journey palatable.

If you have topics you would like us to cover in the future, please let us know! As always, we appreciate the opportunity to meet your financial planning and investment needs. Thank you!

Angela Palacios, CFP®
Director of Investments
Financial Advisor

Angela Palacios, CFP® is the Director of Investments at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Angela specializes in Investment and Macro economic research. She is a frequent contributor The Center blog.

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The information contained in this report does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but we do not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any opinions are those of Angela Palacios and not necessarily those of Raymond James. Expressions of opinion are as of this date and are subject to change without notice. There is no guarantee that these statements, opinions or forecasts provided herein will prove to be correct. Investing involves risk and you may incur a profit or loss regardless of strategy selected. The S&P 500 is an unmanaged index of 500 widely held stocks that is generally considered representative of the U.S. stock market. Investing in emerging markets can be riskier than investing in well-established foreign markets. Investing involves risk and investors may incur a profit or a loss. Investing always involves risk, including the loss of principal, and futures trading could present additional risk based on underlying commodities investments. Diversification does not ensure a profit or guarantee against a loss. Keep in mind that individuals cannot invest directly in any index, and index performance does not include transaction costs or other fees, which will affect actual investment performance. Individual investor's results will vary. Past performance does not guarantee future results.

Investor Basics: Cost Basis Accounting

Contributed by: Nicholas Boguth

Cost basis: one of the many things we at The Center monitor in order to serve our clients. Most of us know that cost basis is the original value of a security (usually the purchase price), but a lesser known fact is that there are many different accounting methods used to calculate tax liability when the decision is made to sell a security. The table below describes the different methods available.

This is important because the incorrect accounting method could lead to an unnecessary or unexpected amount of capital gains. Hypothetical example: you bought 50 shares of Tesla back in 2012 when it was $30, and another 50 shares in 2014 when it was $200. Now it is 10/5/16, and you went to sell 50 shares at its current price of $210. How much of your sale would be considered capital gains? Well, if your accounting method was FIFO, the answer would be $180 per share, whereas if your accounting method was minimum tax (The Center’s default option) then it would be $10 per share.

The outcomes between accounting methods can be drastically different, and each method has its place depending on your objective. Decision-making from client to client may vary which is where the help of a financial professional can come into play. Please read our Director of Investments, Angela Palacios’, CFP®, Investor Ph.D. blog for insight into more strategies that The Center practices in order to help minimize tax burden.

Nicholas Boguth is an Investment Research Associate at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® and an Investment Representative with Raymond James Financial Services.

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The information contained in this blog does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but we do not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any opinions are those of Nick Boguth and not necessarily those of Raymond James. This is a hypothetical example for illustration purpose only and does not represent an actual investment. This information is not intended as a solicitation or an offer to buy or sell any security referred to herein. Every investor's situation is unique and you should consider your investment goals, risk tolerance and time horizon before making any investment. Prior to making an investment decision, please consult with your financial advisor about your individual situation. Investing involves risk and you may incur a profit or loss regardless of strategy selected.