Retirement Planning

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Tax Reform Series: Changes to the Mortgage Interest Deduction (including home equity loans/LOC implications)

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The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) is now officially law. We at The Center have written a series of blogs addressing some of the most notable changes resulting from this new legislation. Our goal is to be a resource to help you understand these changes and interpret how they may affect your own financial and tax planning efforts.

Washington has been busy and after many twists and turns sweeping tax reform was signed into law on December 22, 2017.  There are key changes for homeowners regarding the mortgage and home equity line of credit (HELOC) interest deductions.

Mortgage

If you own a home, mortgage interest is still deductible. The debt cap of deductibility, however, has been lowered.  The new cap limits interest deductibility to the first $750,000 of debt principal.  Debt principal refers to acquisition indebtedness or loans used to acquire, build, or substantially improve a primary residence.  The new $750,000 cap is a reduction from $1,000,000 and an additional $100,000 of home equity debt. 

  • The reduction to $750,000 expires December 31, 2025 and reverts back to $1,000,000 beginning in 2026.

  • Mortgage debt incurred before December 15, 2017 is grandfathered under the $1,000,000 cap

  • In the future, a mortgage refinance for debt incurred prior to December 15, 2017 will retain the $1 million debt limit (but only for the remaining debt balance and not any additional debt). In addition, any houses that were under a binding written contract by December 15th to close on a principal residence purchased by January 1, 2018 (and actually close by April 1st) will be grandfathered.

Home Equity Line of Credit (HELOC)

Home equity lines of credit give homeowners the ability to borrow or draw money using equity in the home as collateral.  New restrictions mean that home equity loan interest is not necessarily eligible for a deduction. 

While you may have read that interest on HELOC’s is no longer deductible, this is only if the loans are cash out or for purposes other than home purchase or improvement.  It’s important to note that deductibility is not based on whether the loan is a home equity loan or home equity line of credit. Instead, the determination is based on how the proceeds are used.

  • If the money is used to consolidate debt, pay for college or used for any other personal spending not associated with home acquisition or substantial improvement, the interest is not deductible; without grandfathering.

  • Interest on a HELOC up to the total $750,000 cap that is used to build an addition or substantially improve the home is deductible for taxpayers that itemize.

We are here to assist in any way we can.  This summary of mortgage and HELOC interest deductibility changes highlights key areas to keep in mind for 2018 tax planning.  If you have any questions regarding your personal situation, don’t hesitate to contact us.

Laurie Renchik, CFP®, MBA is a Partner and Senior Financial Planner at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® In addition to working with women who are in the midst of a transition (career change, receiving an inheritance, losing a life partner, divorce or remarriage), Laurie works with clients who are planning for retirement. Laurie is a member of the Leadership Oakland Alumni Association and is a frequent contributor to Money Centered.

The information contained in this blog does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but we do not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any opinions are those of Laurie Renchik and not necessarily those of Raymond James. Expressions of opinion are as of this date and are subject to change without notice. There is no guarantee that these statements, opinions or forecasts provided herein will prove to be correct. This material is being provided for information purposes only. Any information is not a complete summary or statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision and does not constitute a recommendation. Please note, changes in tax laws may occur at any time and could have a substantial impact upon each person's situation. While we are familiar with the tax provisions of the issues presented herein, as Financial Advisors of RJFS, we are not qualified to render advice on tax or legal matters. You should discuss tax or legal matters with the appropriate professional. Raymond James Financial Services and your Raymond James Financial Advisors do not solicit or offer residential mortgage products and are unable to accept any residential mortgage loan applications or to offer or negotiate terms of any such loan. You will be referred to a qualified Raymond James Bank employee for your residential mortgage lending needs.

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Tax Reform Series: Changes to State and Local Income Tax

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Contributed by: Matthew E. Chope, CFP® Matt Chope

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The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) is now officially law.

We at The Center have written a series of blogs addressing some of the most notable changes resulting from this new legislation. Our goal is to be a resource to help you understand these changes and interpret how they may affect your own financial and tax planning efforts.

The original proposals for tax reform would have completely eliminated any deductions for taxes paid to a state or local government, including local property taxes.

 “State And Local Tax” (SALT) provision varied, and controversially was projected to have a disproportionate impact on states with big cities with high state and local tax rates (like New York, California, and Maryland have some of the highest state income tax rates, and therefore the higher state income tax deductions).  Many people in these states are considering moving to lower taxed states due to this tax law change.

However, in the final version of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, households will be given the option to deduct their combined state and local property and income taxes, but only up to a cap of $10,000. Notably, it is a $10,000 limit on the combined total of property and income taxes, not $10,000 each! The $10,000 limit applies for both individuals and married couples (which is an indirect marriage penalty for high-income couples), and is reduced to $5,000 for those who are married filing separately.

In addition, to prevent households from attempting to maximize their state and local tax deductions in 2017 before the cap takes effect in 2018, the new rules explicitly stipulate that any 2018 state income taxes paid by the end of 2017 are not deductible in 2017 and instead will be treated as having been paid at the end of 2018. However, this restriction applies only to the prepayment of income taxes (not to property taxes), and applies only to actual 2018 tax liabilities.  

Matthew E. Chope, CFP ® is a Partner and Financial Planner at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Matt has been quoted in various investment professional newspapers and magazines. He is active in the community and his profession and helps local corporations and nonprofits in the areas of strategic planning and money and business management decisions.

This information has been obtained from sources deemed to be reliable but its accuracy and completeness cannot be guaranteed. Neither Raymond James Financial Services nor any Raymond James Financial Advisor renders advice on tax issues, these matters should be discussed with the appropriate professional.

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Tax Reform Series: Changes to Standard Deduction, Personal Exemption, Misc. Deductions, and the Child Credit

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Contributed by: Matt Trujillo, CFP® Matt Trujillo

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The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) is now officially law. We at The Center have written a series of blogs addressing some of the most notable changes resulting from this new legislation. Our goal is to be a resource to help you understand these changes and interpret how they may affect your own financial and tax planning efforts.

Key Highlights:

  • Personal exemptions, which were previously used to reduce adjusted gross income, have been eliminated entirely

  • The standard deduction has been increased to $12,000 for single filers (previously $6,350) and $24,000 for joint filers (previously $12,700)

  • Several deductions that used to be available to tax filers that itemized their deductions have been eliminated or reduced such as:

    • The deduction for state and local taxes is now capped at $10,000 as opposed to the unlimited amount that was deductible under previous tax law

    • Lowers the threshold for mortgage interest deductibility; now only the interest on debt up to $750,000 is eligible to be deducted as opposed to $1,000,000 under previous tax law

    • Miscellaneous itemized deductions have been eliminated entirely as a category; these deductions included things like unreimbursed business expenses, tax preparation fees, and investment fees.

  • The child tax credit is expanded to $2,000 per child and is refundable meaning even if you have zero tax liability you can still get a check back from the IRS for this credit

    • This credit was previously $1,400 per child and would begin to phase out for joint filers at $110,000 of adjusted gross income; the credit now doesn’t begin to phase out until you reach $400,000 of adjusted gross income (for joint filers)

If you are curious to know more about how the changes may impact your specific situation please contact our office to discuss!

Matthew Trujillo, CFP®, is a Certified Financial Planner™ at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Matt currently assists Center planners and clients, and is a contributor to Money Centered.

The information contained in this blog does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but we do not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Expressions of opinion are as of this date and are subject to change without notice. There is no guarantee that these statements, opinions or forecasts provided herein will prove to be correct. This material is being provided for information purposes only. Any information is not a complete summary or statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision and does not constitute a recommendation. Please note, changes in tax laws may occur at any time and could have a substantial impact upon each person's situation. While we are familiar with the tax provisions of the issues presented herein, as Financial Advisors of RJFS, we are not qualified to render advice on tax or legal matters. You should discuss tax or legal matters with the appropriate professional.

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Tax Reform Series: Changes to Federal Income Tax Brackets

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Contributed by: Robert Ingram Robert Ingram

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The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) is now officially law. We at The Center have written a series of blogs addressing some of the most notable changes resulting from this new legislation. Our goal is to be a resource to help you understand these changes and interpret how they may affect your own financial and tax planning efforts.

The TCJA brings many changes to both corporate and individual tax laws in 2018.  You may be asking yourself, “what do these changes mean for me?” A good place to start may be with the new personal income tax brackets.

How tax brackets work

When calculating our Federal tax liability on regular income, we apply a tax rate schedule to our taxable income. The taxable income is a filer’s income after any adjustments and exclusions (adjusted gross income) and after subtracting applicable deductions and exemptions. Specific rates are then charged on different ranges of income (tax brackets) as determined by tax filing status. Currently, in 2017 there are 7 brackets where the rates are 10%, 15%, 25%, 28%, 33%, 35%, and 39.6%. The tax bracket structures and how the taxes would be assessed for two of the most common filings statuses (single and married filing joint returns) are as follows:

Current 2017 Individual & Married Tax Brackets

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Under the current 2017 tax brackets, for example, a married couple filing jointly with taxable income of $150,000 would have the first portion of their income up to $18,650 taxed at 10%.  The amount from $18,651 up to $75,900 would be taxed at 15% and then the remaining amount of their income from $75,901 up to the $150,000 would be taxed at 25%.

What is changing?

While the House of Representatives’ original tax reform proposal would have consolidated the 7 brackets down to 4, the final Tax Cuts and Jobs Act retains 7 brackets but reduces the tax rates on most the brackets by a couple of percentage points and adjusts the income ranges within them.  The examples for those filing as single and for married couples filing jointly are below.

New 2018 Individual & Married Tax Brackets Under the TCJA

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If the bracket rates are generally lower, does that mean my taxes will be lower?

Well, the good news is that the answer is…maybe.

If taxpayers apply the new tax rates in 2018 to the same level of taxable income they would have in 2017, many people would see a lower overall, effective tax rate on that taxable income. (Good news, right?)  However, other changes outlined in the TCJA, such as the new standard deduction amount, the elimination of the personal exemptions, and the cap on the amount of state and local taxes that are deductible could have an impact on your taxable income amount.  As a result, the actual taxes applied may or may not see as much of a reduction. 

Ultimately, how your own tax situation may change in this new tax landscape will depend on a combination of factors and decisions.  It is important to consult with your advisors.  As always, if you have any questions surrounding these changes, please don’t hesitate to reach out to our team!

Robert Ingram is a Financial Planner at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.®

This information and all sources have been deemed to be reliable but its accuracy and completeness cannot be guaranteed. Neither Raymond James Financial Services nor any Raymond James Financial Advisor renders advice on tax matters. Tax matters should be discussed with the appropriate professional.

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Is it Time to Re-Imagine Your Retirement?

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Contributed by: Sandra Adams, CFP® Sandy Adams

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You are sitting with your financial planner discussing the cash flow projections for your upcoming retirement at the beginning of 2019.  You seem to have everything in place — you and your spouse are maximizing your retirement contributions at work and you are able to save additional funds into an HSA, as well as into individual IRAs and a sizable amount into your after tax investment account.  You have already been trying to live on one of your salaries — simulating what you expect to spend in retirement — and things are running smoothly.  Your estate planning is up-to-date and you have recently been approved for Long Term Care Insurance.  All of the technical aspects of your upcoming retirement seem to be in place.  There is nothing more to do except work your final year and get ready to “hang up the spurs”.  Right?

It just so happens that there might be a little bit more to preparing for retirement that the “technical” side of the planning. The transition you are about to embark on is one that will take some planning from a personal standpoint.  You won’t just wake up the first day of your retirement and know what to do.  In fact, many clients feel somewhat lost at first. 

We recommend intentionally giving some thought, or re-imagining, what you want your retirement to look like:

  • Give some real time and attention developing a “Bliss List,” or list of goals, dreams and desires that you would like to achieve in your retirement years will get you started. Once you have your list, you may need to build out some specifics: when, how much time, how much money, other resources and people that need to be involved.

  • Some of the things on your list may require you to start NOW to put in some practice, lay some groundwork, or make some connections so that you can hit the ground running when retirement day arrives. (i.e. hobbies, volunteer work, a new charitable business venture).

  • Coordinate your list with your spouse to make sure your list is feasible (from a time and money standpoint) and that it works for both of you. You want to make sure you have room for both your individual goals and your joint goals to make things work for your dream retirement.

The transition into retirement can be a bumpy one if you haven’t planned well both on the technical side AND on the personal side. The Center planners are trained to help you with both sides of this planning, and have the tools and resources available to assist you. If you are approaching retirement and find that you need assistance with either the technical or the personal side of retirement (or both), don’t hesitate to give us a call.  We are here to help!

  

Sandra Adams, CFP® is a Partner and Financial Planner at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Sandy specializes in Elder Care Financial Planning and is a frequent speaker on related topics. In addition to her frequent contributions to Money Centered, she is regularly quoted in national media publications such as The Wall Street Journal, Research Magazine and Journal of Financial Planning.

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2017 Year-End Financial Planning

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Contributed by: Josh Bitel Josh Bitel

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With the fourth quarter upon us, tedious tasks like assessing your financial situation can often fall by the wayside.  With that in mind, this is a good time for us to share some important items to consider before the end of the calendar year. Here are a few things to consider before you take on 2018.

Establish or tighten up your emergency fund.

As we often recommend, keeping three to six months worth of expenses saved in an easily liquidated and accessible account can protect you against any unforeseen perils that may arise. Getting an emergency fund in place before the year wraps up is a great way to jump-start your budget for 2018.

Check your flexible Spending Account

Make sure you don’t end the year with a balance inside your FSA plan. Most of these plans have a ‘use it or lose it’ feature. So if you’re putting off that pesky doctor’s visit or are overdue for a new pair of prescription glasses, use your pre-tax dollars you’ve elected to cover these expenses!

Review your retirement accounts to make sure you’re on track to maximize your contributions

Whether it is an IRA account, either traditional or Roth, or an employer sponsored plan, the end of the year is a great time to assess your contributions and make sure you’re on track to meet your goals. This is important for your tax situation as well, as you may be able to deduct contributions to certain retirement plans. Although IRA accounts can be funded up until April 15th of the following year (up to $5,500 if you’re under age 50), it’s never too early to make sure you’re on track!

Give a tax-deductible charitable contribution

The end of the year is a time when we’re all thinking about giving. If you are charitably inclined, the end of the year is a great time to donate to any causes you are passionate about so you can receive a write off on your taxes for 2017. Don’t forget, donating appreciated securities from a taxable account is often more advantageous for you and the cause you believe in! Make sure you are making this donation for something you really believe in and not just for the potential tax write-off, the holiday season is a great time to asses this.

As always, in regard to your financial life, we are here to assist in anyway we can. These are just a few of the things you should keep in mind as the year wraps up. If you have any questions regarding your personal situation, contact us here at The Center for Financial Planning.

Josh Bitel is a Client Service Associate at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.®

Neither Raymond James Financial Services nor any Raymond James Financial Advisor renders advice on tax issues, these matters should be discussed with the appropriate professional.

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Webinar in Review: Year-End Tax Planning

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Contributed by: Nick Defenthaler, CFP® Nick Defenthaler

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On November 14th, Melissa Joy, CFP® and I hosted The Center’s annual Year-End Tax Planning Opportunities and Strategies webinar which continues to be one of our best attended discussions throughout the year.  In 2016, Melissa and I hosted the webinar two days after the presidential election and this year, the presentation was held several days after the latest GOP tax reform proposal.  Needless to say, it’s been a great chance for our team to share timely updates with clients and strategic partners! 

If you weren’t able to attend the webinar live, we’d encourage you to check out the recording below.  Here are a few key points and takeaways from our discussion:

Potential Tax Reform Highlights  

  • Moving from seven tax brackets down to three or four: 12%, 25%, 35% and 39.6%

  • Elimination or caps on popular deductions:  State and local taxes, medical expenses, student loan interest, mortgage deduction cap, property tax cap

  • Larger standard deduction (almost doubling from $12,700 for married filers to $24,000)

  • Repeal of Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT)

  • Corporate tax reduction (moving down to 25%)

  • Estate tax exemption (almost doubling from $5.5M to $11M, with the goal of repealing the estate tax completely within 6 years)

2018 Updates

  • Social Security Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA), Medicare premium adjustments, retirement plan contribution and income limit adjustments, etc.)

Retirement Planning   

  • Evaluate your savings rate moving into the new year and if you’re not maxing out your 401k ($18,500 or $24,500 if over the age of 50), consider increasing your savings percentage by 1% - 2% each year

  • Work with your advisor to determine if the Traditional (pre-tax) or Roth (after-tax) retirement vehicles makes sense for your situation given your current and projected future tax bracket  

Charitable Giving

  • Consider utilizing a Donor Advised Fund to gift appreciated securities from a brokerage account – allows you to take a tax deduction and also avoid paying capital gains tax

  • Consider utilizing the Qualified Charitable Distribution (QCD) if you’re over the age of 70 ½ - allows you to gift funds directly to charity from your IRA

Investment Planning  

  • Review your allocation before year end to see if your mix between stocks and bonds is appropriate for your situation

  • Consider the asset location of your portfolio to potentially improve after-tax returns

  • Consider proactive planning such as tax-loss harvesting

As mentioned during the webinar, don’t forget to check out our Year-End Planning Opportunities guide in the resources portion of our website.  This guide acts as a helpful tool to help organize your financial picture before year and also provides further insight on retirement planning strategies to consider as well as a detailed overview of proposed tax reform.  Please feel free to contact your financial planning team at The Center with any questions or concerns, we’re here to help.

Nick Defenthaler, CFP® is a CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Nick works closely with Center clients and is also the Director of The Center’s Financial Planning Department. He is also a frequent contributor to the firm’s blogs and educational webinars.

This information is being provided for educational purposes only and is not intended as specific tax or investment advice. Please note, changes in tax laws may occur at any time and could have a substantial impact upon each person's situation. While we are familiar with the tax provisions of the issues presented herein, as Financial Advisors of RJFS, we are not qualified to render advice on tax or legal matters. You should discuss tax or legal matters with the appropriate professional.

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2018 Increases Retirement Plan Contribution Limits and Other Adjustments

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Contributed by: Robert Ingram Robert Ingram

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Several weeks ago, the IRS released updated figures for retirement account contribution and income limits for 2018.  Like the recent Social Security cost of living adjustment, the adjustments are minor but certainly worth noting. 

Employer Retirement Plans (401k, 403b, 457, and Thrift Savings Plans)

  • $18,500 annual contribution limit (up from $18,000 compared to 2017 – first increase in 3 years!)

  • $6,000 “catch-up” contribution if over the age of 50 remains the same as 2017

  • Total amount that can be contributed to defined contribution plan including all contribution types (employee deferrals, employer matching and profit sharing) increases to $55,000 (up from $54,000 compared to 2017) or $61,000 if over the age of 50 ($6,000 catch-up)

    • Consider contributing after-tax funds if available and cash flow allows for it.

In addition to the contribution limits increasing for employer-sponsored retirement plans, the IRS adjustments provide some other increases that can help savers in 2018.  A couple of highlights include:

Traditional IRA deductibility income limits:

Contributions to a Traditional IRA may or may not be tax deductible depending on your tax filing status, whether you are covered by a retirement plan through your employer, and your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI).  The amount of your Traditional IRA contribution  that is deductible is reduced (“phased out”) as your MAGI approaches the upper limits of the phase out range.  For example,

  • Single: Covered under a plan

    • Phase out begins at $63,000 up to $73,000 compared to 2017 (phase out: $62,000 to $72,000)

  • Married filing jointly: Spouse contributing to the IRA is covered under plan

    • Phase out begins at $101,000 to $121,000 compared to 2017 (phase out: $99,000 to $119,000)

  • Spouse contributing is not covered by a plan but other spouse is covered under plan

    • Phase out begins at $189,000 to $199,000 compared to 2017 (phase out:  $186,000 to $196,000)

Roth IRA contribution income limits:

Whether or not you can make the maximum contribution to a Roth IRA,  ($5,500 in 2018 plus a $1,000 “catch-up” for individuals age 50 and above) depends on your tax filing status and your MAGI.  The contribution you are allowed to make is reduced ("phased out") as your MAGI approaches the upper limits of the phase-out range.  In 2018 for example,

  • Single

    • Phase out begins at $120,000 to $135,000 compared to 2017 (phase out:  $118,000 to $133,000)

  • Married filing jointly

    • Phase out begins at $189,000 to $199,000 compared to 2017 (phase out: $186,000 to $196,000)

If your income is over this limit and you cannot make a regular annual contribution, you might consider a popular planning tool known as the “back-door” Roth conversion.

As we enter 2018, these updated figures will be on the forefront when updating your financial game plan.  However, as always, if you have any questions surrounding these changes, don’t hesitate to reach out to our team!

Robert Ingram is a Financial Planner at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.®

The information contained in this blog does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. The information has been obtained from sources considered reliable, but we do not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any opinions are those of Bob Ingram, CFP® and not necessarily those of Raymond James. Expressions of opinion are as of this date and are subject to change without notice. There is no guarantee that these statements, opinions or forecasts provided herein will prove to be correct. Investing involves risk and you may incur a profit or loss regardless of strategy selected. The above hypothetical examples are for illustration purposes only. Prior to making an investment decision, please consult with your financial advisor about your individual situation. Raymond James and its advisors do not offer tax or legal advice. You should discuss any tax or legal matters with the appropriate professional.

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Military Veteran’s – Are you Entitled to Benefits?

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Contributed by: Sandra Adams, CFP® Sandy Adams

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As we honor our servicemen and women, it is a good time to be mindful of valuable financial benefits that military veterans may be eligible for, but not aware of – namely Service Related Disability Compensation and Veteran’s Pensions (and Aid and Attendance Benefits for Long Term Care needs).

Disability Compensation:

Disability Compensation is a tax free financial benefit paid to Veterans with disabilities that are the result of a disease or injury incurred during active military service.  Compensation may also be paid for post-service disabilities that are considered related or secondary to disabilities occurring in service and for disabilities presumed to be related to military service.  Compensation is tied to the degree of disability and is designed to compensate for considerable loss of working time.  There is also a tax free Dependency and Indemnity Compensation (DIC) benefit payable to a surviving spouse, child or dependent parents of Service members who died while in active duty or training, or survivors of Veterans who died from their service-connected disabilities.

Pension Benefits:

Veteran’s Pension benefits may be available for Veterans or dependent family members who need to pay for health care expense and certain other living expenses.  The pension benefit is a needs based program and is based on income and asset requirements set by Congress. 

General Eligibility Requirements:

  • Must have served at least 90 days active duty service, at least one day during a wartime period, AND

  • Must be 65 or older, OR

  • Must be totally and permanently disabled, OR

  • A patient in a nursing home receiving skilled nursing care, OR

  • Receiving Social Security Disability Insurance, OR

  • Receiving Supplementary Security Income

Veterans or surviving spouses who are eligible for VA pensions and are housebound or require the aid and attendance of another persona may be eligible for an additional monetary payment.  Applying may require the counsel of a VA counselor or an Elder Law attorney knowledgeable about Veteran’s Benefits.

In addition to these two major financial benefits, the VA provides assistance for Veteran’s with housing, education, insurance and other areas of concern and interest for Veteran’s.  If you are a military Veteran and are not aware of the benefits you might be eligible for, contact your local Veteran’s Service Agency today.  And remember to mention to your financial planner that you are a military Veteran – the benefits you might be eligible for could be an important piece in your overall planning puzzle!

Sandra Adams, CFP® is a Partner and Financial Planner at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Sandy specializes in Elder Care Financial Planning and is a frequent speaker on related topics. In addition to her frequent contributions to Money Centered, she is regularly quoted in national media publications such as The Wall Street Journal, Research Magazine and Journal of Financial Planning.

The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but we do not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any opinions are those of Sandra Adams, CFP® and not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James. You should discuss any tax or legal matters with the appropriate professional.

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High Deductible Health Plans and HSAs

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Contributed by: Matthew E. Chope, CFP® Matt Chope

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I am a big fan of High Deductible Health Care Plans. As individual and group premiums rise, employers are pushing their employees to take more responsibility for their health and healthcare costs, and offering High Deductible plans is one way they are doing this.  You can have a High Deductible plan as an individual or in a group plan.

There are some basics about these health care plans that you need to understand.  Basically, high deductible plans are not allowed to offer any co-pay benefits – like paying $10 for a generic prescription or $35 for a doctor visit. Thus, they usually work well for healthy people, although more and more, they work even if you know you’re going to hit your out of pocket maximum for the year because of their lower premiums. 

If you have a High Deductible Health Care Plan, you can take advantage of a HSA (Health Savings Acccount) which is typically opened at a bank or credit union. If you have an HSA plan, you are allowed to make pre-tax contributions to that account.  The maximum contribution will be $6900 in 2018 for a family and $3450 for an individual. If you are 55 or older, you can add another $1000 to those figures. If you get your insurance through your employer, you may find that your employer offers the HSA account for you and even makes a contribution to it during the year. In which case, you would count this money as part of your contribution limit.

You might be thinking, what’s so great about this if my insurance covers almost nothing unless I hit my deductible and/or out of pocket maximum? (They are often, but not always, the same amount.)

The High Deductible Health Care Plan is a wonderful planning tool for several reasons

  1. First, they operate the way insurance is supposed to operate: a smaller cost for an unlikely (but potentially catastrophic) event... think fire insurance on your home.  Going to the doctor or filling a prescription are not unlikely events at all, so really, when a plan offers copays for things like doctor appointments and prescription medication, that’s not really insurance, that is a discount plan. Consider it as though you are paying for the discount in the premium.

  2. Second, HSAs offer a great tax break: the money is contributed with pre-tax dollars, the account grows tax-free… and best of all… none of it is taxed coming out.  (as long as you use them for qualified medical expenses.) Yes, there are rules about what is a qualified medical expense but in a nutshell most legitimate expenses for healthcare are okay.  You can’t use them for: the actual premium cost of the insurance, supplements, massage, or elective surgery (this is usually the case but there are exceptions). The HSA is the only vehicle where the money isn’t taxed going in or coming out, if you follow the fairly simple rules.*

  3. Third, HSA dollars can be used on things that insurance doesn’t typically cover, such as alternative care with a chiropractor or acupuncturist for example.  You can also use HSA money to pay for things like the dentist or eye doctor. (See IRS Pub. 502 for a list of qualified medical expenses.)

Some people also use the HSA as another savings vehicle.  They max out their contribution each year, but instead of spending the money on medical costs, they pay for their costs with regular old post-tax dollars.  They still get the tax deduction, because the deduction is based on the contribution, not on the spending.  Then in retirement they’ve got an account they can use for health care costs.

Taking the Strategy One More Step

If you have a large expense pre-retirement and you pay for it with post-tax dollars (i.e you just write a check), you can reimburse yourself for the cost years later.  That means you can make a tax free withdrawal in retirement for a pre-retirement healthcare expense.  This could make sense for a large ticket item, like a hospital bill.   Having a tax-free account such as an HSA could really help you be strategic with retirement income. (Consult with your CPA, and save those receipts for this strategy!)

The High Deductible Health Care plan/HSA Strategy isn’t for everyone, but to figure out if it makes sense for you, it’s best to speak with someone who can analyze your individual situation and advise you.  Brokers’ services are free to you, as they are compensated by the insurance carrier you choose.  You can also contact us for help with deciding if this strategy makes sense for you.

* May be subject to State or local taxes.

Matthew E. Chope, CFP ® is a Partner and Financial Planner at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Matt has been quoted in various investment professional newspapers and magazines. He is active in the community and his profession and helps local corporations and nonprofits in the areas of strategic planning and money and business management decisions.

This information does not purport to be a complete description of High Deductible Insurance Policies or Health Savings Accounts, it has been obtained from sources deemed reliable but its accuracy and completeness cannot be guaranteed. Opinions expressed are those of Matthew Chope and are not necessarily those of Raymond James. Investing involves risk, investors may incur a profit or loss regardless of the strategy or strategies employed. Please note, changes in tax laws may occur at any time and could have a substantial impact upon each person's situation. While we are familiar with the tax provisions of the issues presented herein, as Financial Advisors of RJFS, we are not qualified to render advice on tax or legal matters. You should discuss tax or legal matters with the appropriate professional.

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